Economics in One Lesson


This is the only way for now that I can get Mr Linky to work for me. I will be glad for any advice from seasoned users. Tomorrow, for the Economics in One Lesson post, I will post my entry and put this Linky at the bottom of the post. You can hit the Linky and add your post tomorrow or thereafter, I believe. Then leave a comment to let us all know. If you just want to read through all the links you can hit the Linky and view all the participants…..I think.

My posts on today’s Linky are just tests runs.

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Here we go. We are going to tackle a subject in which I am incredibly weak. I am really counting on Dana for this one. Her Hillsdale degree is going to bail us all out. These first few chapter did help me already. I have always had a hard time making sense of economic theory, especially the theory that the economy benefits when people are spending scads of money or during times of war. These first few chapters simply erased that notion. For those wanting to join in let me say that this book appears to be very readable and down to earth. The chapters are short. I couldn’t help but laugh when I saw that Dana has found a t-shirt for project! Let us know as we go along if you get one :) I still have to ask the purse holder of the family if I can have one. Can I? Can I?

Here is the Mr Linky. Click on it to add your post. Then leave a message in the comments. Then you can read my quote notes and a few observations. You may also restrict your participation to just comments. You can add links any day of the week that you would like. Next week I will put up a new Linky, Lord willing.

“The art of economics consists in looking not merely at the immediate but at the longer effects of any act or policy; it consists in tracing the consequences of that policy not merely for one group but for all groups.”


The Blessings of Destruction
:

“Many of the most frequent fallacies in economic reasoning come from the propensity, especially marked today, to think in terms of an abstraction—the collectivity, the “nation”—and to forget or ignore the individuals who make it up and give it meaning. No one could think that the destruction of war was an economic advantage who began by thinking first of all of the people whose property was destroyed.”

Here again the government spenders have the better of the argument with all those who cannot see beyond the immediate range of their physical eyes. They can see the bridge. But if they have taught themselves to look for indirect as well as direct consequences they can once more see in the eye of imagination the possibilities that have never been allowed to come into existence. They can see the unbuilt homes, the unmade cars and washing machines, the unmade dresses and coats, perhaps the ungrown and unsold foodstuffs. To see these uncreated things requires a kind of imagination that not many people have.

“…the basic truth that the wanton destruction of anything of real value is always a net loss, a misfortune, or a disaster, and whatever the offsetting considerations in a particular instance, can never be, on net balance, a boon or a blessing.”

Public Works Mean Taxes:

it has become part of an intricate network of fallacies that mutually support each other

We must apply the same reasoning, once more, to great projects like the Tennessee Valley Authority.

I found this paragraph extremely relevant to my own life as my husband contracts for TVA, perhaps the most inefficient machine ever invented by man. It also reminds me of the sad, sad, Alabama Song of the South:

Well, somebody told us wall street fell
But we were so poor that we couldnt tell
The cotton was short, and the weeds was tall
But Mr. Roosevelt’s a-gonna save us all.

Well, momma got sick, and daddy got down
The county got the farm, and we moved to town
Poppa got a job with the T.V.A.
We bought a washing machine, and then a Chevrolet.

Singing: Song, song of the south
Sweet potatoe pie, and I shut my mouth
Gone, gone with the wind
There aint nobody looking back again.

I don’t suppose that is a sad song to most people but I feel depressed every time I hear it and living in Alabama it is on the radio frequently.

Taxes Discourage Production

This is to talk as if the country were the same sort of unit of pooled resources as a huge corporation


Credit Diverts Production

All credit is debt. Proposals for an increased volume of credit, therefore, are merely another name for proposals for an increased burden of debt. They would seem considerably less inviting if they were habitually referred to by the second name instead of by the first.

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Economics in One Lesson

For Tuesday 1/8
Chapter 1 The Lesson
Chapter 2 The Broken Window
Chapter 3 The Blessings of Destruction
Chapter 4 Public Works Mean Taxes
Chapter 5 Taxes Discourage Production
Chapter 6 Credit Diverts Production

Tuesday 1/15
Make sure, if you are reading these online, that you keep scrolling until the chapter ends and hit next for each section of the chapter.
Chapter7 The Curse of Machinery
Chapter 8 Spread-the-Work Schemes
Chapter 9 Disbanding Troops and Bureaucrats
Chapter 10 The Fetish of Full Employment
Chapter 11 Who’s “Protected” by Tariffs?
Chapter 12 The Drive for Exports

Tuesday 1/22

Chapter 13 “Parity” Prices
Chapter 14 Saving the X Industry
Chapter 15 How the Price System Works
Chapter 16 “Stabilizing” Commodities
Chapter 17 Government Price-Fixing
Chapter 18 What Rent Control Does

Tuesday 1/29
Chapter 19 Minimum Wage Laws
Chapter 20 Do Unions Really Raise Wages
Chapter 21 “Enough to Buy Back the Product”
Chapter 22 The Function of Profits
Chapter 23 The Mirage of Inflation
Chapter 24 The Assault on Saving


Chapter 25 The Lesson Restated

Chapter 26 The Lesson after Thirty Years
Chapter 27 A Note on Books
End Notes

I am thinking about trying a Mr Linky each week so that everyone who participates can easily link to their post. This would look like the Saturday Review of Books at Semicolon

Dana
says:

There are 24 short chapters in between the Main Lesson and the Lesson Revisited. I propose reading six per week and hope to share how I have implemented the application(s) or had my thinking realigned.

Dana also has a post here on how to include your children in the study. I hope I can incorporate my little boys.

You do not have to make a commitment to this. You can join or not join during any of the weeks. Hopefully when we are finished we will have solved many of the world’s problems ;)

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Make sure when you use the Mr Linky you change the info to this week’s post.

Chapter 7 The Curse of Machinery

The belief that machines cause unemployment, when held with any logical consistency, leads to preposterous conclusions

Right out of the starting gate I learn that I am not a gifted logician. This must be why I have never studied economics. As I read the chapter I can only say, “What about the spinning Jenny?” Poor Mr Hazlitt shakes his head and wonders what they are teaching in schools these days. I am tempted to use my standard anti-logic technique. “Phooey,” I shall say if I run into Mr Hazlitt one day. Mr Hazlitt is not daunted. He has heard of the spinning Jenny and perhaps he has even read Mrs Gaskell.

I am left playing the merry Andrew for our lessons. Apologies all round.

Full employment—very full employment; long, weary, backbreaking employment—is characteristic of precisely the nations that are most retarded industrially

Ah, let me here turn aside and discuss Robert Louis Stevenson.

“Extreme busyness, whether at school or college, kirk or market, is a
symptom of deficient vitality; and a faculty for idleness implies a
catholic appetite and a strong sense of personal identity. There is a
sort of dead-alive, hackneyed people about, who are scarcely
conscious of living except in the exercise of some conventional
occupation. Bring these fellows into the country, or set them aboard
ship, and you will see how they pine for their desk or their study.
They have no curiosity; they cannot give themselves over to random
provocations; they do not take pleasure in the exercise of their
faculties for its own sake; and unless Necessity lays about them with
a stick, they will even stand still. It is no good speaking to such
folk: they cannot be idle, their nature is not generous enough; and
they pass those hours in a sort of coma, which are not dedicated to
furious moiling in the gold-mill. … As if a man’s soul were not too
small to begin with, they have dwarfed and narrowed theirs by a life
of all work and no play; until here they are at forty, with a
listless attention, a mind vacant of all material of amusement, and
not one thought to rub against another, while they wait for the
train. … This does not appeal to me as being Success in Life. …”

(Quote via my friend, Crocheting Jenny)

I believe here that Mr Stevenson is applying these economic principles to people. This is the very reason I am not an actual agrarian. Too much work makes Jack a dull boy. It is dreary being around women who flutter about stealing dishes and cleaning the house, while their mind stagnates. Let them take a walk if they must flit. Let them sit down and enjoy a cup of coffee with their guests. It is so tiring to try to eat dessert with a hostess doing the dishes. The whirring of a busy woman does not equal productivity. Isn’t there a Bible verse about that?

But I digress.

We have seen, for example, that many of the English stocking knitters suffered real tragedies as a result of the introduction of the new stocking frames, one of the earliest inventions of the Industrial Revolution

And what shall we say to these lost souls? Let them eat cake?

Chapter 8 Spread-the-Work Schemes

Chapter 9 Disbanding Troops and Bureaucrats

If the soldiers have been supported by an unbalanced budget— that is, by government borrowing and other forms of deficit financing—the case is somewhat different.

I am not sure in these times we can actually have this discussion without acknowledging that the tax payers never will see their money again, no matter how many soldiers leave the field.

“When your money is taken by a thief, you get nothing in return. When your money is taken through taxes to support needless bureaucrats, precisely the same situation exists. We are lucky, indeed, if the needless bureaucrats are mere easygoing loafers. They are more likely today to be energetic reformers busily discouraging and disrupting production. When we can find no better argument for the retention of any group of officeholders than that of retaining their purchasing power it is a sign that the time has come to get rid of them. When we can find no better argument for the retention of any group of officeholders than that of retaining their purchasing power it is a sign that the time has come to get rid of them.”

Amen. I am logical enough to get this! Now is the time to say, “Let THEM eat cake.”

Chapter 10 The Fetish of Full Employment

THE ECONOMIC GOAL of any nation, as of any individual, is to get the greatest results with the least effort.

It would be far better, if that were the choice—which it isn’t—to have maximum production with part of the population supported in idleness by undisguised relief than to provide “full employment” by so many forms of disguised make-work that production is disorganized.

This hits too close too home. I have often wondered at how inefficient most places of business appear to be. I have always thought that a hard worker with a little common sense would by necessity rise to the top. But it has become increasingly clear to me this year, that I am wrong. There seems to be a vested interest in inefficiency. Some businesses are so inefficient I wonder how they don’t come grinding to a stop. We ate at a Wendy’s this week where the girl who took our order made our drinks and then our food. She was a cheerful, good worker but I couldn’t help thinking she was being punished for her abilities and most likely unappreciated by her management. As my husband likes to say, ” No good deed with go unpunished.” Still I have to believe this sort of thing can’t go on in corporate America forever.

Chapter 11 Who’s “Protected” by Tariffs?
Chapter 12 The Drive for Exports

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We have been staying up late and getting up late with our visitors and I am not ready with my readings, but for the diligent people let’s get the show on the road. I was extremely happy with last week’s discussion on a couple of the blogs and I am pretty sure we haven’t plumbed the depths of those issues yet. I love that we are getting different perspectives and also how nicely this dovetails with the presidential election.

By the way, I just got this fascinating course description in my email from Memoria Press. Hazlitt and Wendell Berry sounds like a fantastic course!


Tuesday 1/22

Chapter 13 “Parity” Prices
Chapter 14 Saving the X Industry
Chapter 15 How the Price System Works
Chapter 16 “Stabilizing” Commodities
Chapter 17 Government Price-Fixing
Chapter 18 What Rent Control Does

Next week’s readings:

Tuesday 1/29
Chapter 19 Minimum Wage Laws
Chapter 20 Do Unions Really Raise Wages
Chapter 21 “Enough to Buy Back the Product”
Chapter 22 The Function of Profits
Chapter 23 The Mirage of Inflation
Chapter 24 The Assault on Saving

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The problem with me reading a book like Economics in One Lesson is that I have nothing to compare his suppositions to except my own limited experience and literary examples. My knowledge base is almost zero on this subject although I do own a fair amount of common sense which generally stands in for wisdom at my house.
I very much appreciated it when he used the examples of Robinson Crusoe and Swiss Family Robinson in chapter 15 How the Price System Works.

A Swiss Family Robinson, perhaps, finds this problem a little easier to solve. It has more mouths to feed, but it also has more hands to work for them. It can practice division and specialization of labor. The father hunts; the mother prepares the food; the children collect firewood. But even the family cannot afford to have one member of it doing endlessly the same thing, regardless of the relative urgency of the common need he supplies and the urgency of other needs still unfilled. When the children have gathered a certain pile of firewood, they cannot be used simply to increase the pile. It is soon time for one of them to be sent, say, for more water. The family too has the constant problem of choosing among alternative applications of labor, and, if it is lucky enough to have acquired guns, fishing tackle, a boat, axes, saws and so on, of choosing among alternative applications of labor and capital. It would be considered unspeakably silly for the wood-gathering member of the family to complain that they could gather more firewood if his brother helped him all day, instead of getting the fish that were needed for the family dinner. It is recognized clearly in the case of an isolated individual or family that one occupation can expand only at the expense of all other occupations.

The final quote from chapter 15 also seemed to bring it all down to common sense:

It follows that it is just as essential for the health of a dynamic economy that dying industries should be allowed to die as that growing industries should be allowed to grow. For the dying industries absorb labor and capital that should be released for the growing industries. It is only the much vilified price system that solves the enormously complicated problem of deciding precisely how much of tens of thousands of different commodities and services should be produced in relation to each other. These otherwise bewildering equations are solved quasi-automatically by the system of prices, profits and costs. They are solved by this system incomparably better than any group of bureaucrats could solve them. For they are solved by a system under which each consumer makes his own demand and casts a fresh vote, or a dozen fresh votes, every day; whereas bureaucrats would try to solve it by having made for the consumers, not what the consumers themselves wanted, but what the bureaucrats decided was good for them. Yet though the bureaucrats do not understand the quasi-automatic system of the market, they are always disturbed by it. They are always trying to improve it or correct it, usually in the interests of some wailing pressure group. What some of the results of their intervention are, we shall examine in succeeding chapters.

I also thought it was interesting in light of today’s news about our extra tax refund. While I am happy to take the money and run, I can’t help thinking about what is really going on and how easily bought we must be as a people. Somehow $800 is supposed to make us all feel good about the economy. Oh, what tangled webs we weave comes to mind. Oh, and don’t forget the Mimimum Tax Penalty. If they give you too much money back they have built into the system a way of recovering your money.

So anyone want to discuss this current tax refund?

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Tuesday 1/29
Chapter 19 Minimum Wage Laws

I came to this chapter with my eyes open because I have always had a negative opinion of minimum wage but when my son asked me why I sounded a little weak.

You cannot make a man worth a given amount by making it illegal for anyone to offer him anything less. You merely deprive him of the right to earn the amount that his abilities and situation would permit him to earn, while you deprive the community even of the moderate services that he is capable of rendering. In brief, for a low wage you substitute unemployment. You do harm all around, with no comparable compensation.

I thought that first line hit the nail on the head. You cannot make a person worth what they are not worth.

This is perhaps as good a place as any to point out that what distinguishes many reformers from those who cannot accept their proposals is not their greater philanthropy, but their greater impatience.

The above quote also seemed to me to explain some of my confusion. We call our impatience philanthropy. I am guilty of this in my own small sphere as I tend to be impatient.

So government policy should be directed, not to imposing more burdensome requirements on employers, but to following policies that encourage profits, that encourage employers to expand, to invest in newer and better machines to increase the productivity of workers — in brief, to encourage capital accumulation, instead of discouraging it—and to increase both employment and wage rates.

The final paragraph of the chapter was an excellent summation. Our family has owned several small businesses over the years. By the time we obeyed all the laws, especially in NJ, and insured ourselves against litigation, we were absolutely unable to make a profit. Our employees made money but our business did not.

The next chapter is on labor unions another economic subject that has touched our family.

Chapter 20 Do Unions Really Raise Wages

The thing that frustrates me about our own economy and he hits on it in this chapter on unions is that productivity is really not on the table at all. It has always been my belief that good workers are desired in industry and those who work hard and learn quickly will rise to the top. Increasingly, it appears that this is not the case at all and perhaps American industry is really about just spreading jobs around without any real concern for productivity. Where can this be heading? I personally believe that the current college situation where 80% of the population attends college is just a way to keep workers out of the work force because the economy doesn’t need them. The economy does need to support a massive higher education structure. Therefore not only is productivity not necessary but true education is totally beside the current college point. I don’t suppose anyone who reads this blog will be surprised that on my last few days of blogging I bring up this point.

Chapter 21 “Enough to Buy Back the Product”
Chapter 22 The Function of Profits
Chapter 23 The Mirage of Inflation
Chapter 24 The Assault on Saving

In the final chapter, The Lesson Restated Hazlitt borrows the story of The Forgotten Man:

The reader will remember that in Sumner’s essay, which appeared in 1883:

As soon as A observes something which seems to him to be wrong, from which X is suffering, A talks it over with B, and A and B then propose to get a law passed to remedy the evil and help X. Their law always proposes to determine what C shall do for X or, in the better case, what A, B and C shall do for … .. What I want to do is to look up C…. I call him the Forgotten Man…. He is the man who never is thought of. He is the victim of the reformer, social speculator and philanthropist, and I hope to show you before I get through that he deserves your notice both for his character and for the many burdens which are laid upon him.

There is much to this forgotten man that goes even beyond economics. If I may digress completely for a minute I can’t help but think of all the ordinary Christian husbands who are the victims of the Utopian ideals of the men their wives follow.

The last part of this book seemed easier to read, probably because it hit closer to home. The agrarian model is helpful here because it lets us glimpse a different sort of economy. I am not sure it is an actual solution. Although, if we have political and economic collapse we may all quickly resort to agrarianism. Once again, I am not one to hold out hope that things will change apart from a general collapse. I tend to see my job as educating myself and my children for a time when rebuilding begins. How weird is that?

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